Sourdough Challah from "A Blessing of Bread"
I'm rather fond of challah, but my wife isn't. Most challah is too rich and too sweet for her taste. The closer to brioche it tastes, the less she likes it. So, when I made “My Sourdough Challah” from Maggie Glezer's “A Blessing of Bread,” and both my wife and I loved it, I was delighted.
Of course, all challah was made with sourdough before the introduction of commercial yeast. Since then, according to Glezer, challah has tended to be made sweeter and richer. Sourdough challah has a “moister, creamier texture” and stays fresh longer that the yeasted variety. Glezer's version has a delightful sourdough tang which lends it an almost “sweet and sour” flavor. It is wonderful plain, as toast and as French toast.
Ingredients |
|
The starter |
Amount (gms) |
Active firm sourdough starter |
35 |
Warm water |
80 |
Bread flour |
135 |
|
|
The final dough |
|
Warm water |
60 |
Large Eggs |
3 eggs + 1 egg for glazing the loaves. |
Salt |
8 |
Vegetable oil |
55 |
Mild honey |
65 |
Or Granulated sugar |
60 |
Bread flour |
400* |
Sourdough starter |
All of the above+ |
* I added an additional 3 tablespoons or so of flour during mixing, because the dough seemed too wet. This may have been needed due to my using more starter than Glezer specifies. See below.
+ Glezer says to use only 200 gms of starter, but I used all of it (250 gms)
Procedures
-
The night before baking, mix the starter and ferment it at room temperature for 8-12 hours.
-
In the morning, in a large bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer, dissolve the starter in the water, then mix in the 3 eggs, salt, honey and oil until completely combined.
-
Mix in all the bread flour until it forms a shaggy mass.
- Knead the dough on the bench or in a stand mixer until it is smooth and there is moderate gluten development. Add small amounts of water or flour to achieve the desired consistency. The dough should be quite firm.
-
Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled bowl and cover it tightly. Ferment for about 2 hours. It may not rise much.
-
To make two 1 pound loaves, divide the dough into two equal portions, and divide each portion into the number of pieces needed for the type of braiding you plan to do. (I did 3-strand braids.)
-
Form each piece into a ball and allow them to rest, covered, for 10-20 minutes to relax the gluten.
-
Form each piece into a strand about 14” long. (I like Glezer's technique for this. On an un-floured board, flatten each piece with the palm of your hand. Using a rolling pin, roll out each piece to about ¼ inch thickness. Then roll up each piece into a tight tube. Using the palms of your hands, lengthen each piece by rolling each tube back and forth on the bench with light pressure. Start with your hands together in the middle of the tube and, as you roll
it, move your hands gradually outward. Taper the ends of the tube by rotating your wrists slightly so that the thumb side of your hand is slightly elevated, as you near the ends of the tube.)
Braid the loaves.
Place each loaf on parchment paper in half-sheet pans (I used a quarter-sheet pan for each loaf.) Cover well with plasti-crap or place the pans in a food grade plastic bag, and proof at room temperature until the loaves have tripled in volume. (Glezer says this will take “about 5 hours.” My kitchen was rather cool. I proofed for 6 hours.)
Pre-heat the oven to 350ºF with the rack in the upper third of the oven.
Brush each loaf with an egg lightly beaten with a pinch of salt.
Optionally, sprinkle the loaves with sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds.
Bake until done – 25-35 minutes for 1 pound loaves.
Cool completely before slicing.
David
Submitted to YeastSpotting on SusanFNP's Wildyeastblog.
Comments
I made French toast for lunch today and it worked perfectly. I also think the bread stays fresher longer.
David, your formula calls for bread flour. I am fairly new to braided breads. Which flour is your preferred choice? The more I bake, the more important proper flour becomes.
This bake was posted long ago. Have you adapted another formula as your SD favorite version since then?
Thanks for posting such a beautiful bake.
Danny
I haven't made this bread in ages, although I have been thinking about it the past few weeks.
Challah is often made with a relatively high-protein flour, but an AP like King Arthur or CM ABC would work fine. I may have used King Arthur Bread Flour (12.5-12.7% protein). I can't recall. Note that CM ABC flour, which was formulated originally for baguettes, has the same protein percentage as KA AP, but makes a dough that is much more extensible. That might be a good thing for rolling out the strands for braiding. I ought to try it, but another bread has priority for this week.
David
If the flours have the same protein content, could one produce longer (or perhaps stronger) gluten strands than the other? Otherwise, why would it make a dough that's much more extensible?
Gluten is a molecule that forms when two other proteins in wheat combine in the presence of water. Those proteins are not all exactly the same in all varieties of wheat, and their differences effect the physical properties of the gluten they form.
Glutenin proteins are long chains. It is responsible for the elasticity of dough. Gliadin proteins are short and globular. It is responsible for dough's extensibility -- the ability to stretch without tearing. (from Bread Science)
So, there are many tweaks the bread scientist and knowledgeable miller than do to provide a flour that meets the exact needs of a particular bakery.
Central Milling's ABC flour was formulated originally for Acme Bakery for their baguettes. But I like it a lot for Pain au Levain type breads too.
David
Thanks a lot for the education!
Hi David, I’m making this challah, my first challah and I do have a question about final proof. You indicate to shoot for triple volume, would you say the finger poke test at that volume would pass and indicate the usual amount of proof? Would the finger poke be accurate as far as when to bake?
I’m doing this as one larger loaf so six strand, the braiding was super fun.
Benny
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I tried several times, and I was never able to achieve such a nice looking braid. I also do 6 strands, and I found it to be fairly easy once you remember the pattern of what goes where. I also used honey in my dough every time, instead of sugar, and I think it messes up the way the dough feels and behaves, as well as adding a strange taste to the final loaf (even though I love honey by itself).
Please post pictures of a final loaf, when done!
OH I will definitely post them here and in my blog Cooper, good or bad I post. The post mortem is the way to learn.
I also grabbed olive oil by accident since it is what I usually cook with so I used about 60% olive oil and 40% canola oil. Hopefully that doesn’t negatively affect the flavor. I also used honey, interesting that you didn’t like the flavor it imparts despite liking honey. I guess we’ll see how this turns out, if I don’t like the flavor at least I know what to adjust for next time.
I really enjoyed the plaiting, it was fun. I watched this video a few times. I guess my practice shaping baguettes was super helpful in getting the strands shaped. I added sesame seeds after the egg wash. The bread is in the oven now.
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All baked up and smelling awesome. I’ll have to wait a while to slice it, probably have some at dinner time, I can’t wait.
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This looks marvelous! Well done!!!
Thanks Cooper, I’m surprised it went so well.
Benny
I'm too late to help you with your proofing question, but whatever you did sure turned out well.
Anyway, Glezer says to let the loaf triple in size, but I don't shoot for that. What I do is use the poke test and my gut feeling. I shoot for what the old-fashioned Jewish bakers regarded as a "full proof." The criterion was, when you poke the dough, it doesn't completely fill back in. I would say the challah in the OP may have been somewhat under-proofed. Yours looks perfect to my eye.
Have you tasted it yet?
David
Thank you David firstly for your kind comments on my first challah, but also for all the effort you always put into your posts sharing these amazing recipes with the rest of us. I truly appreciate what you’ve done over the years.
I did go with my gut and kept poking at the dough, as it started to spring back less and less I preheated the oven. By the time the oven was at temperature, the dough didn’t spring back very much at all and in it went.
I’m going to have some of this soon for dinner and I cannot wait, as I’ve said I love challah so I’m really hoping to enjoy this, I just hope the olive oil I used doesn’t detract from it for me. Anyhow, it will give me an excuse to make it again minus the olive oil.
Benny
Super delicious challah David, I can’t thank you enough for sharing this recipe, it will not be the last time I bake this. It is excellent even with the olive oil which I really cannot taste. Wonderful crumb which is tender and moist. The crust is great with the sesame seeds.
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In all respects, your Challah looks excellent. Great Job.
Thank you Dan, not up to your amazingly more complex plaiting but I’m pleased as punch with how this baked up and tastes.
Hi David, your challah looks beautiful! I want to share some information I just came across that you and others might find useful. I just bought "Breaking Breads" by Uri Scheft and he perfectly describes the texture of challah that I grew up eating and hope to some day achieve in my own baking: "When you break into a loaf of challah, it should pull apart almost like cotton candy coming off the paper cone. There is a soft and tender threadlike quality to the crumb of a well-kneaded challah. It is layered with sheets of tender gluten, so it can be almost unraveled rather than broken apart like a loaf of sandwich bread. There are three ways to achieve this: 1. Underknead.... with most dough, you want to be able to stretch a small corner to a thin sheet without it tearing (this is called the windowpane test). With challah, you don't want the gluten to get that strong--so knead only as instructed. 2. Underproof. Slightly underproof the challah, meaning that when you press a finger into the rising dough, the depression that's left fills in about halfway... 3. Use high heat to seal in moisture... You don't want challah to have a hearty, thick, and crisp crust--you just want the crust to be substantial enough to lock in the moisture during baking but soft enough to easily rip by hand when eating."
I agree with Scheft's description of the desired crumb. The term generally used for this texture these days is "shredable." I don't agree with his procedural recommendations at all, however. I think the texture is as much a result of the oil and sugar as the factors he describes.
You don't want to overknead, but you do want good gluten development. Underproofing will increase oven spring and cause the ropes to separate. In fact, Glezer says to let these loaves triple in size before baking. I have found that to work well. I don't know what he regards as high heat, but I bake lean sourdough loaves at 460-480ºF, depending on size and shape. An enriched dough like challot will burn at those temperatures. I bake at 350-375ºF.
David
David, thanks for the info! Shredable. Good to know about that. I had no way to describe it before reading Scheft, and now I have another term!
BTW, do you really get the loaves to triple in size after shaping? Mine do not nearly approach that.
Well, I don't have a precise way of measuring the volume, but they do more than double ... I think.
David
Could you please provide a Baker's Percentage for Glazer's Challah; I normally calculate this myself but the Starter stumps me.
thank you
I posted this bake almost 13 years ago! I would like to think my baking has improved since then, as well as my documentation of recipes. For your interest, although almost all of my bread baking is of sourdough, I do prefer the yeasted versions of challah. That's probably just because that's what I grew up on.
In response to Ibor's request, I am posting a complete re-write of this recipe's ingredients. Here it is:
Sourdough Challah
from A Blessing of Bread by Maggie Glezer
Rendered in Baker’s Percentages by David Snyder
August, 2022
Total Dough
Ingredient
Wt (g)
Baker’s %
Bread Flour
526
100
Warm water
134
25
3 Large eggs
165
31
Salt
8
1.5
Vegetable oil
55
10
Mild honey
65
12
Or baker’s sugar
60
Total
953
179.5
Notes: Both the flour and the water in the Total Dough include the water and flour in the “Active firm starter and that used in feeding it to make the Firm Starter. Also note that the formula calls for making 250g of Firm Starter, but only 200g of it is used in the final dough.
The effective hydration in this dough is not due only to the water. The eggs, and honey add to it.
I prefer honey to sugar in challah, and I calculated weights based on that. If you use sugar, decrease the weight of sweetener as specified above.
In this formula, 24% of the total flour is pre-fermented.
The Total dough does not include the additional egg used to glaze the loaves before baking or the (optional) seeds used to garnish the loaves.
Firm Starter
Ingredient
Wt. (g)
Baker’s %
Active firm starter
35
26
Warm water
80
59
Bread flour
135
100
Total
250
185
Final Dough
Ingredient
Wt (g)
Bread flour
400
Warm water
60
3 Large eggs
165
Vegetable oil
55
Mild Honey
65
Salt
8
Firm starter
200
Total
953
Procedures
1. The night before baking, mix the starter and ferment it at room temperature for 8-12 hours.
2. In the morning, in a large bowl or the bowl of a stand mixer, dissolve the starter in the water, then mix in the 3 eggs, salt, honey and oil until completely combined.
3. Mix in all the bread flour until it forms a shaggy mass.
4. Knead the dough on the bench or in a stand mixer until it is smooth and there is moderate gluten development. Add small amounts of water or flour to achieve the desired consistency. The dough should be quite firm.
5. Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled bowl and cover it tightly. Ferment for about 2 hours. It may not rise much.
6. To make two 1 pound loaves, divide the dough into two equal portions, and divide each portion into the number of pieces needed for the type of braiding you plan to do. (I did 3-strand braids.)
7. Form each piece into a ball and allow them to rest, covered, for 10-20 minutes to relax the gluten.
8. Form each piece into a strand about 14” long. (I like Glezer's technique for this. On an un-floured board, flatten each piece with the palm of your hand. Using a rolling pin, roll out each piece to about ¼ inch thickness. Then roll up each piece into a tight tube. Using the palms of your hands, lengthen each piece by rolling each tube back and forth on the bench with light pressure. Start with your hands together in the middle of the tube and, as you roll it, move your hands gradually outward. Taper the ends of the tube by rotating your wrists slightly so that the thumb side of your hand is slightly elevated, as you near the ends of the tube.)
9. Braid the loaves.
10. Place each loaf on parchment paper in half-sheet pans (I used a quarter-sheet pan for each loaf.) Cover well with a towel or place the pans in a food grade plastic bag, and proof at room temperature until the loaves have tripled in volume.
11. Pre-heat the oven to 350ºF with the rack in the upper third of the oven.
12. Brush each loaf with an egg lightly beaten with a pinch of salt.
13. Optionally, sprinkle the loaves with sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds.
14. Bake until done – 25-35 minutes for 1 pound loaves.
14. Cool completely before slicing.
Enjoy!
David
Thank you very much Dr. Snyder.
When a formula is good, it is good 13 years later too.
best wishes
for taking the time to document everything! One day I'll be able to make a challah the family will like. ;) Like you, we are all used to the taste and texture of yeasted challah, and I keep telling everyone that this is a more modern invention, and for centuries all bread, including challah, was SD, so this is how it's supposed to taste! :)
My regular challah bake is the yeasted version of this one. It is the one Maggie Glezer says she bakes for her family, and I really like it. However, which challah you probably regard as proper depends on where you grew up. Glezer's book documents about 40 different versions from all over the globe. The recipes were collected from women who learned from their own mothers, mostly "in the old country." I am stuck on the one I make, but I really should try some of the other recipes.
So many breads; so little time!
Happy baking!
David
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