Submitted by dmsnyder on January 29, 2010 - 8:33pm

Gérard Rubaud Pain au Levain


 

Shiao-Ping's beautiful miches, based on MC's interviews with Gérard Rubaud, inspired me to attempt Rubaud's pain au levain myself.

 

Rubaud's bread is made with 3 very firm levain builds, the final being incorporated in his final dough. He uses a flour mix with 70% AP flour and the remaining 30% a mix of whole wheat, spelt and rye flours. Remarkably, he grinds the flours to feed his levain fresh for each build, and he uses the same flour proportions for each levain build as used in his final dough. Not having a grain mill, I used store-bought flours. I measured out each flour for each build. If I make this bread again, I would make one batch of mixed flour for all the builds and the final dough. This would save time and also be more precise, given the very small amounts of flour in the levain builds.

Note that MC's interviews also indicate Rubaud salts his levain builds at 1% of the flour weight, in order to control their speed of ripening. I did not do this.

My formula is taken from Shiao-Ping's calculations which were taken from MC's interviews. I divided her quantities in half and, rather than a miche, made two smaller (480 gm) bâtards. Rubaud mixes his dough by machine. Shiao-Ping mixed her dough entirely by hand. I started my mixing in a stand mixer, but continued developing the gluten by hand, as described below.

 

First build

 

Ingredient

Amount (gms)

Ripe levain (stiff)

3

AP flour

5

Whole wheat flour

1

Spelt flour

0.5

Rye flour

0.5

Water

4

Total

14

 

Second build

 

Ingredient

Amount (gms)

Ripe levain (stiff)

14

AP flour

10.5

Whole wheat flour

2.5

Spelt flour

1.5

Rye flour

0.5

Water

8

Total

37

 

Third build

 

Ingredient

Amount (gms)

Ripe levain (stiff)

37

AP flour

35

Whole wheat flour

9

Spelt flour

4.5

Rye flour

1.5

Water

28

Total

115

Notes for levain builds

  1. The first levain was made with my usual firm sourdough starter which I feed 1:3:4 (starter:water:flour) with a flour mix of 70% AP, 20% Whole wheat and 10% Whole rye flours.

  2. To mix each build, dissolve the firm starter in the water in a small bowl. (I use a small dough whisk.), then add the flours and mix thoroughly into a ball.

  3. The first build was fermented for 10 hours, the second and third for about 8 hours each. This was in a cool kitchen, so your times my vary with the activity of your starter and the ambient temperature.

 

Final dough

 

Ingredient

Amount (gms)

Ripe levain (stiff)

115

AP flour

322

Whole wheat flour

82.5

Spelt flour

41.5

Rye flour

14

Water

377

Salt

10

Total

962

 

Method

  1. Mix the flours and the water. Cover and let it sit to autolyse for 20-60 minutes.

  2. Divide the starter into about 6 pieces and add them to the autolyse. Sprinkle the salt over all and mix thoroughly.

  3. In a stand mixer, mix with the dough hook on Speed 2 for about 10 minutes. There should be some gluten development, but the dough will be very gloppy. It will not clean the sides of the bowl.

  4. Transfer the dough to an oiled bowl. Cover the bowl tightly.

  5. After 20 minutes, stretch and fold in the bowl for 30 strokes. Cover the bowl tightly.

  6. Repeat Step 5. twice more.

  7. Transfer the dough to the board and stretch it to a large rectangle and fold it like an envelope. Replace it in the bowl and cover.

  8. After 45 minutes, transfer the dough to a floured board and do another stretch and fold.

  9. After another 45 minutes, transfer the dough to the board and divide it into two equal pieces.

  10. Pre-shape each piece into a round and let them rest, covered, for 15 minutes.

  11. Shape each piece into a bâtard.

  12. Proof en couche until expanded by 50-75%.

  13. One hour before baking, pre-heat the oven to 500ºF with a baking stone and steaming apparatus in place.

  14. When the loaves are ready to bake, pre-steam the oven.

  15. Transfer the loaves to a peel. Score them, and then transfer them to the baking stone.

  16. Steam the oven again. Turn down the oven to 450ºF.

  17. Bake for about 30 minutes, until the internal temperature of the loaves is at least 205ºF, the bottom gives a hollow sound when thumped and the crust is nicely browned.

  18. Transfer the loaves to a cooling rack.

  19. Cool completely before slicing.

 

Although I got good gluten development, the dough remained very loose. This was expected, given its high degree of hydration. However, I did not expect how the loaves stuck to the “well-floured” couch and transfer peel. The loaves deflated significantly in the process of transferring them to the Super Peel ™. The latter handled the loaves beautifully in transferring to the stone. No additional sticking.

There was very good oven spring, and the cuts on the loaf which didn't stick to the transfer peel as much opened up reasonably well, suggesting that the loaves were not as over-proofed as their deflation on transferring had suggested.

By time the bread had cooled, the crust was chewy with just a bit of crunch. (I did not follow my customary practice of drying the loaves in the cooling oven for a few minutes after they are fully baked.) The crumb was very well aerated. It had an aroma that seemed whole-wheaty, yet different. The flavor was excellent – complex and wheaty with some sweetness and more sourdough tang than I expected.

 

Wonderful bread. I want to make it again, but next time I'll flour the couche more heavily.

David

 

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Stunning David!

That is a beautiful crumb shot. I must say it looks perfect.

Eric

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Thanks, Eric!

As you may have gathered, this was a semi-disaster recovery. I give full credit to the dough. When I saw it spring in the oven, I was sure relieved. 

The crumb is amazing. The loaves are feather-light, which I find remarkable for a bread with 30% whole grain flour. Shiao-Ping got a very similar crumb and remarked on it.

 And the flavor is amazing, too. The rye flavor is submerged. I can taste the whole wheat. I haven't baked enough with spelt to identify its flavor tones. Interestingly, there is a bit of the herbal/perfumey flavor I get with white whole wheat.  Very complex.

David

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Bulk fermenting

David,

I didn't get quite the open structure you did but as you say the flavor notes are remarkable. I had a bag of white ww open so that's what I used. My next batch will include the fresh ground ww from flourgirl51. It's such a sweet flour, I love using  it.

I have begun using my lined baskets for these boules and miche. (Humm are multiple loaves miche or miches?) I'm actually surprised at how easily the dough falls out in comparison to the coiled or plastic model. I recalled seeing the video of the Polaine baker plopping the miche on the peel in a cloud of dust with a thud. Nothing gentle about it. So I decided to see if I could do the same.

My rice flour and AP mix is like Teflon when applied with a brush on the linen and dusted over the dough lightly. My 2.5 # Greek miche proofed for 3 hours (80% hydration) and if I hadn't been quick about plopping it over, it would of rolled out. I'm amazed really.

When I first got into using a coiled banetton I liked the pattern but I think the linen lined baskets from sfbi give the dough a better slightly dryer skin. Slashing seems to be easier.

As hansjoakim said further down in this thread, the tiny amounts are cumbersome if you stay true to the formula. I don't have a scale to measure amounts smaller that 1 gram and I don't trust the measurement of very small amounts added by sprinkling. I suppose the easiest way to do this repeatedly would be to buy a pocket scale that measures tenths of a gram and convert the small amounts to volume measurements. It would be much easier to scoop 1/4 tsp than try to weigh it every time, if I knew the weight.

Nice recovery anyway David. And I like the color you baked to way more than Gerard's pale loaves. I wonder what the deal is with that? He is baking in a large WFO so you would think it would be plenty hot. All the photos of his bread show the same light colored crust. For the crumb to be done it must be baked at a low temperature, don't you think? I'm tempted to try duplicating the color once to see what the result is. Apparently he gets raves on the aroma of the bread.

Eric

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@ Eric re. basket case

My experience with the linen-lined banetons vs. the coiled reed brotfomen parallels yours. Unfortunately, I don't have any banetons for bâtards. Also, I'm working on my shaping technique for those long loaves with tapered ends that need to proof en couche.

Re. the plural of "miche:" It is "miches," but, in French, they are pronounced the same. The final "s" is silent.

Re. crust color: I've thought about that too. In MC's interview, Rubaud said he doesn't like ears on his loaves. He thinks the darker crust detracts from the flavor of the bread. We talk about the crust contributing some very high percentage of a bread's flavor, but is that because most white breads don't have that much flavor anyway? When you make Rubaud's bread, there is so much complexity and real taste in the crumb, it's a different ball game. My hypothesis is that Rubaud has put his effort into developing the crumb flavor and doesn't want the crust to distract one from that.

I'm going to bake my next batch at a lower temperature (450º, as prescribed) too. Let's compare notes.

David

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A note on fermentation @ hansjoakim

In another thread, hansjoakim and I had an exchange regarding the relationship between adequate dough fermentation and the amount of dough expansion. His observation was that levain dough expands much less than yeasted dough, and if you let a levain-raised dough double in volume during bulk fermentation, it would be over-fermented.

The dough for my Rubaud pain au levain was expanded exactly 25% when I divided and shaped it. And look at the crumb! You'll have to take my word regarding the flavor.

Hansjoakim's assertion is clearly supported by this bake.

David

Looks wonderful!

David,

Your version of Gerard's bread looks and sounds wonderful!  The picture of your bread makes me want to reach out and grab it and eat it immediately!

Oh my!

Tremendous spring, David, going by that gorgeous crumb shot. Your and Shiao-Ping's descriptions of the flavour profile has me intrigued and salivating. Next loaf on the list for me, too.

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Very tempting indeed!

The crumb looks perfect - creamy and very well developed! I'm particularly weak for these mixed flour levains, and this looks brilliant, David!

By the way, how do you measure 0.5 gr. flour in your sourdough builds? Do you have a digital scale with that level of accuracy, or do you double the build and instead discard half at the next feed? I'm not sure I could eyeball 0.5 gr. spelt flour...

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Thanks, hansjoakim!

I measured the 0.5 gm quantities by estimating. My scale just measures to 1 gm. I did make sure the the total amount of non-AP flours was accurate (to 1 gm). As I indicated, next time I will weigh out the total flour mix and apportion the mix for each build.

David

Exceptional as always. -Arlo

Exceptional as always.

-Arlo

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Beautiful batards...

I am so happy that the recipe worked out so well.. Your crumb looks absolutely lovely and the taste is very evocative of the one I got with Gérard's levain. Now you know why I have fallen so hard for his method.

Two remarks:

  • Gérard never flours his couches, only the bottom of the breads themselves (he uses a hi-extraction organic flour for that specific purpose).
  • Re: levain. I understand that the proportions have to be greatly reduced for home-baking but it is kind of a trade-in because, according to G you don't get the benefit of a mass effect under 100g. So when I make his bread, I only do a one-step levain. It would be too much waste otherwise. The bread still comes out tasting great and with a good crumb (I showed the pics to Gérard and he was very happy with the result I got). Of course my kitchen is about 14 degrees F cooler than his bakery and so the fermentation is much longer. Maybe the longer fermentation makes up for the two steps that I skip. I'd be curious to see what kind of results you would get if you did a one-step levain as well.

All the best,

MC

Thanks for the comment, MC

I wonder if you would be kind enough to write out how you do it? I have wanted to make this bread because of the positive comments, but I was put off by the multiple steps.

Thanks,

Patricia

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Thanks, MC!

Thanks for your kind words and for your splendid interviews and Q&A on Farine.com.

I wonder if my dough consistency was wetter than G's. I have no experience with fresh-ground flours. Is their absorption of water greater than "old" flour?  I may try dusting the loaf bottoms in any case, to see if that works better.

I may bake this again with a single levain build, just to see the difference.

David

Thats a lovely bread

I made some Pain au levain that is all white flour and white starter turned out great, I'ts one of those breads that I will be making all the time.

 

Image

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Gérard Rubaud formula in a single table, FYI.

I am thinking about making a flour mix for Rubaud's pain au levain incorporating all the flour needed for the builds and the final dough. I'm also thinking about making it with a single levain build, as suggested by MC. To assist myself, I built this table. I thought others might find it useful, so I'm sharing it.