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Submitted by foolishpoolish on April 26, 2009 - 5:49pm Rye AmylaseI have been learning about the practice of pre-gelatinization (scalding) of rye in the preparation of high-percentage rye breads. One thing confuses me, however, with regards to the intended effect this has on the final dough. As I understand it, pre-gelatinization is a process typically used to make starches, in a given grain, MORE accessible to amylase (for example in brewing) In a wheat flour & water mixture the amylase starts to denature at temperatures above about 150Fl. In brewing (where diastatic malt is ADDED) careful control of this temperature during the mash can determine the ratio of alpha to beta amylase and thus fermentable vs. unfermentable sugars (for brewer's yeast). However in the case of rye, I understand that rye amylase is more heat-stable. I would think gelatinization is precisely the OPPOSITE of what one should be striving for since the integrity of the pentosans in the rye is the major factor in preserving structure and preventing gumminess. Making them MORE vulnerable to amylase, earlier on in the 'production' process should surely be avoided? While the acidity of the rye sour should control the effects of amylase somewhat, one is still left with the question as to why scalding is done at all? A sweeter end result perhaps? All of which leads me to think that scalding the rye, in order to be effective, must be carried out at a fairly high temperature in order to denature the rye amylase...but what temperature might that be? What proportion of the total rye flour (say in a 100% rye bread) should/could be scalded? Are there additional benefits from scalding rye that I am missing here? If anyone has knowledge in this area, I'd be most appreciative of your input. Thanks FP
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I imagine
you're confused because you think that scalded flour is added directly to the dough. It's done, yes, but that's really a shortcut usually taken in large scale production to reduce the costs. Traditionally, though, scalded flour was used to feed the final build.
Hmmm . . . news to me
Hi FP,
Who's instructing you to scald flour, either personally or in their writing?
--Dan DiMuzio
There's a thread at Dan
There's a thread at Dan Lepard's forum about scalding rye flour. Here's another interesting thread about the same topic: Clickme.
Hmmm ok - interesting.
Mike (Suave): Interesting, so basically scalded flour is used to feed the rye sour. You said 'final build'...does that refer to the last stage of a detmolder process?
Dan, Hans: Yes, Dan Lepard's 100% rye was the first time I'd heard about scalding rye flour. However I've seen mention of it in commercial products such as these: http://www.amberbakery.co.uk/bread.php which is a whole range of 'scalded rye' breads. There's also a recipe here on the fresh loaf for borodinsky rye: http://www.thefreshloaf.com/node/9459/100-rye#comment-48854
'Scalding' seems to be have been the subject of this research: http://www.cababstractsplus.org/abstracts/Abstract.aspx?AcNo=20053048913
Perhaps scalding is a process really only of benefit for large-scale commercial application?...although I'm still intrigued as to why and how.
FP
Detmolder
FP, that it is a multistage build doesn't automatically make it Detmolder, Detmolder refers to a set of very particular fermentation schedules which can have 1 to 3 stages. The recipe for borodinskiy you linked is multistage, but most definitely is not a Detmolder, in fact it shows rather nicely, how the scalded flour is used to create soured mash (sponge) which makes the bulk of the final dough.
The chemistry of using mashes is complicated, but the basic idea is that it quickly provides large amounts of fermentable sugars (notice how the technique is popular in the parts of Europe not known as sugar-producing regions :)), which helps offset sourness of rye starter and improves overall taste and aroma.
Mike
I see
Thanks for clarifying that Mike. So the scalded flour is used in a similar way to a mash in brewing (ie to aid starch saccharification)
I wondered if there were any other benefits (adding 'strength' etc.) but it would seem not.
With regards to Detmolder (another topic entirely, I confess) I've had trouble reproducing the process. To follow it exactly would require a greater degree of temperature control than I can provide in a home environment.
FP
I've been meaning to try
I've been meaning to try Lepard's recipe for rye, as it looks very much like a rye bread I remember trying once that my dad and one of his contemporaries waxed eloquent over. They were born in Lithuania and said that the bread was "plikyta", i.e. scalded. I had never found anything that seemed to fit the bill until I saw his recipe. I think the bread they wrere referring to was 100% rye, but if I can get close to it, I owould be happy. They described it as a gentled rye.
Hi, what about the fridge?
Hi,
what about the fridge? Does rye still develo amylase when in the fridge (although, probably, at a slower pace)?
You are missing the point.
You are missing the point. The peak of amylase activity is in the 130-150 F (55-65 °C) range, so the damage predominantly occurs during the baking.
Had a discussion about this with Mini Oven
Here's what she said:
in the post of my first sourdough rye bread. Hope it answers part of your question.
Yippee