The Fresh Loaf

A Community of Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts.

Cumin in European breads? An common translation error!

hanseata's picture
hanseata

Cumin in European breads? An common translation error!

When I posted a photo of my last batch of Peter Reinhart's Swedish Limpa Ryes (from"Whole Grain Breads") in a German facebook baking group, somebody commented about the strangeness of seasoning it (among other spices) with cumin.

She was absolutely right! I looked up the Swedish term for caraway, a typical European bread spice, and - lo and behold! - it is "Kummin"! Sounds like cumin, but tastes totally different.

Years ago I read Daniel Leader's book on European breads, and I knew right away that the use of cumin in a German rye bread had to be wrongly translated, but, for some reason, I never suspected that Reinhart would have made the same mistake. Caraway = "Kümmel" in German, and cumin = "Kreuzkümmel". 

Google translate is always good for a laugh, but don't trust it when you translate a recipe.

badger's picture
badger

Indeed. I just came back from Germany, and I was actually looking for proper cumin to make hummus, and had to be very careful in the store to take the right spice. I think they also call it black cumin, but that may be only in Bavaria. They are special :)

Beautiful bread by the way!

Candango's picture
Candango

Hanseata,  many thanks for your posts about the Swedish Limpa Rye.  I wanted to make some for some elderly neighbors (the wife had been raised on it as a child in Chicago when her grandmother made it).  In looking through the various posts on TFL, I saw that some baked it as a very wet dough in a loaf pan, while yours was a "round" (Swedish translation - thanks), and freestanding.  I keep a white started at 50 per cent and a rye starter at 100 per cent in the fridge.  No WW starter or flour (at this time).

So I went with the rye starter, and used bread flour in place of the WW.  Had some of the spices and bought the rest, including cumin. (Didn't see your later note about caraway until after the bread was in the oven).  Next time will try the caraway. The one major change I made was the bulk fermentation in the fridge.  I have been experimenting recently with "walkabout" breads, letting the dough do a longer bulk ferment in the fridge.  So this dough rested an extra day in the fridge.  I took it out this morning, followed your two hour timing to bring it to room temp and then into a floured banneton. Finally, tried your windmill slash and into the steamed oven.

It is cooling now.  Will try to photograph later.

Bob

hanseata's picture
hanseata

With all the spices and the molasses in the dough you will probably not even taste a difference between using cumin and caraway.

Happy Baking,

Karin

Candango's picture
Candango

Shame on me - no photos.  After letting it cool for a few hours, I sliced it and brought it over to the neighbors. All minus a skinny end slice which I tried as proof.  The spicy aroma and taste were unique and very good.  I will try the recipe again.  As to the cumin and caraway discussion, per your suggestion, I used less cumin than the 9 gm each of the other spices.  Given the strong taste of caraway, I would probably have to reduce the caraway even more.  But it was delicious as is.  Thanks again.

Bob

Herrjaeger's picture
Herrjaeger

I recently bought Stanley Ginsberg’s The Rye Baker, and while reviewing the recipes it contained, I noticed one recipe called Cumin Rye included in the section on Southern Poland breads.  I looked over the recipe and notes, and didn’t see any caraway seeds in the recipe, and didn’t see any comment from him in the notes about the similarity in some languages for cumin and caraway.  I recalled reading something here about that error, and after searching, found this thread.  I like cumin in some foods, but I find it to be a strange spice to be found in Polish or German bread, compared with caraway, which is rather commonly found in many dishes from Germany and Eastern Europe.  I wonder if Mr. Ginsberg has made that translation error as well (this is particularly interesting, as I believe he has a PhD in Chinese Language and Literature, so I would think he would exercise particular care in translations).  Has anyone here made any rye bread with cumin, and not caraway?  If so, how did it taste?  Thanks.

hanseata's picture
hanseata

I haven't tried this bread, yet, but I'm pretty sure the spice in "Zakopane Buttermilk Rye" is really cumin, and not caraway. In the "Ingredient" chapter Stanley especially mentions the usage of cumin in some Southern Polish or Lithuanian rye breads, as opposed to caraway in German breads.

I have talked with Stanley (I met him at the Kneading Conference in Skowhegan/ME) about the common English translation error, mistaking cumin for caraway, and I know he put an extraordinary amount of research in "The Rye Baker". I even translated a few times German recipes for him.

But you are right to wonder about it, knowing how easy it is to mistake caraway for cumin in translations.

Happy Baking,

Karin

 

Herrjaeger's picture
Herrjaeger

Karin,

Thank you for replying.  I know Mr. Ginsberg mentions its use in Southern Polish and Lithuanian ryes, as you say, however it still seems a strange flavoring to use.  One wonders what the connection of Poland (esp. Southern Poland) would be to cumin, its origin being Southern Asian.  Most of the other unusual uses of flavors/spices from the the “Orient” have historical trade associations that make sense. Thanks again, for all you do for the forum!

Mike

Herrjaeger's picture
Herrjaeger

I contacted several international Polish food journalists, and none of them have ever encountered the use of Cumin (not caraway) in any Polish cooking or baking.  They suspected the usual translation error was responsible for Mr. Ginsberg’s inclusion in The Rye Baker.

hanseata's picture
hanseata

People shouldn't trust Google translate :)

Wild-Yeast's picture
Wild-Yeast

Sei Nicht Bose

- Wild Yeast

nordmann4656's picture
nordmann4656

There's a little secret I stumbled upon.  I like to bake a whole wheat levain bread that is based on Daniel Leader's "Pain Poilaine" that uses a large amount of whole wheat levain and almost straight whole wheat flour. One time after it came out of the oven, I noticed that the toasty/nutty aspect that I liked about the aroma reminded me of what I liked about the smell of cumin (ordinary white cumin, that is.)  So next time, I ground just a hint of cumin (about 1/4 tsp for a 1kg loaf) and added it.  It did deepen the toasty scent and flavor of the crust nicely, and the robust flavor of the whole wheat prevented the cumin from becoming distracting.  Basically, you can't really tell that it has cumin in it--it just has a deeper flavor.  That said, the direction of flavor that the cumin pushed the bread towards would favor more savory toppings and accompaniments over sweet ones like jam or honey.

Herrjaeger's picture
Herrjaeger

Thanks for tha bit of advice, nordmann.  I enjoy cumin in Tex-Mex foods, and while I also enjoy Indian foods, I’m not sure I’d recognize cumin in Indian food mixed in with all the other spices often included in Indian cooking.  Since those are the only foods I’ve eaten that contain cumin, it’s hard for me to imagine how it would taste in rye bread, where I’m typically expecting caraway, fennel, or anise flavors.  I’m going to try your suggestion in the next whole wheat loaf I bake, as it sounds like it’s not a predominant flavor, judging from your comments.  Thanks again.

Mike