Warm up time required for a "Hot" bake
For the last 5-10 bakes I've done, I've been doing a modified version of the "turn off your oven" method of baking. In that method, you preheat your oven to a high temperature (Sune @ Food Geek went to 500 deg F) and then turn off the oven for the entire 20 minutes you're cooking with steam. You then turn the oven back on after you vent the steam. Recently, Tom @ The Sourdough Journey posted a video [1] about some of the popular baking methods out there. For the hot method, you need to preheat the oven for 1 hour. Here's some observations from today's bake that shows the need for it. If you don't use this method, it might give you some idea about the temps you're baking at if you don't have a separate probe and are relying on the oven thermostat.
My oven setup... GE Spectra oven with top/bottom heating elements. I have a cookie sheet on the bottom rack that serves as both a heat shield for the baking stone and a steam tray. On the top oven rack, I have a large cookie sheet inverted to serve as a top shield and to hold the steam at the loaf (hopefully). On the third position from the bottom, I have a 15" x 20" Fibrament baking stone. In addition, I have a Weber iGrill temperature probe that I use to monitor the temperature at the stone.
The next series of pictures shows the temp according to the oven and also the temp at the baking stone. Granted, part of the delay is caused by heating up the large stone, but that's also the case for heating up the oven walls and getting everything good and hot. The method I've been using... Preheat oven until stone surface reaches 465 deg F, bake for 1 minute at 465 deg F, drop oven temp to 400 deg F for 19 minutes (which effectively turns it off for about 15 minutes), vent the oven and increase to 425 deg F for 10-20 minutes until loaf has a hollow thump. As you can see, the oven reached 465 deg F in about 20 minutes, but the stone surface was still only 255 deg F. It took about exactly 1 hour for the stone surface to get to 465 deg F (I missed the photo by about 3-4 minutes and it overshot a little bit).
After loading the bread, I leave it at 465 deg F for 1 minute to try and recapture some of the heat lost by having the oven door open. I have two loaves in the oven and the probe between them (sorry for the dirty oven glass!). The first two photos are the temps and loaves after the 1 minute at 465 deg F. The second two photos are the temps and loaves after 15 minutes at 400 deg F (oven basically off the entire time), and the last photo is 9 minutes after the oven had been vented and set to 425 deg F. You can see how the stone is slowly recovering temp in the bottom of the oven.
Hope this helps you understand what's happening in your oven and the importance of preheating to a set temperature for a set amount of time if you want consistency in your bakes, whichever method you use.