The Fresh Loaf

A Community of Amateur Bakers and Artisan Bread Enthusiasts.

Most bookmarked

bbbagels's picture
bbbagels

Why do my bagels have big holes (in the crumb)?

Hello! I'm hoping someone is able to help me with an issue I've been seeing with my bagels. I've been baking bagels for a few months now and I've had a consistent problem with big holes and tunnels in the crumb, I assume from large fermentation bubbles. I've tried different proofing times, shaping techniques, aggressive degassing, types of yeast, flour types and brands, hydration levels, baking temperatures and surfaces, but they're almost always there, at least in a few bagels per batch. Currently my recipe/process has been:

55% hydration

2% salt

1.3% fresh yeast

1% diastatic malt

2-5% vital wheat gluten (I'm in Europe and we have soft wheat - high gluten flour is pretty difficult to find/pricey, but even when I've sprung for it, it hasn't made a difference with this issue)

Mix and knead in a Ankarsrum mixer until I have a good windowpane - usually 20 minutes, bulk ferment for one hour, degas and pre shape (either as a ball or a log, have tried both), shape by rolling the traditional way, and then they go into the fridge at 39-40 F degrees for a long cold proof - usually 16-21 hours. My final dough temp usually ends up around 75-78 F. After they come out of the fridge, they are almost always puffy and seem full of gas. I boil them in a solution with baking soda and barley malt syrup and then bake on a stone at 450 for 15 min or so until they're the color I want.

I recently tried cutting out the bulk ferment and went straight to shaping from the mixer, which has worked a few times, but the bagels usually seem underproofed and have blowouts. And sometimes, like today, it makes no difference at all. I've also eliminated the cold proof and had success with no holes in the crumb, but I would like to keep the cold proof.

Could it be the diastatic malt? Should I drop my yeast percentage? If anyone has any ideas, please let me know! I would ideally like my bagels to have a mostly dough-y interior instead of big pockets of nothing.

George bakes in Barbados's picture
George bakes in...

Challah help

I have always been in love with the look of Challah and decided to try it for myself using a recipe from Baking and Pastry. I ran into some trouble when it came to rolling the dough pieces into logs—it was very, very firm. I would do a dog bone shape with a log and try to extend but it was somewhat resisting and then started to tear as I got longer (it was still pretty thick for challah). I developed the dough to full gluten as described and it passed the window test successfully.

After kneading (DDT was 24C/75F), I formed a boule and allowed the dough to ferment at room temp for 30 mins (25C/77F) and then in the fridge for another 30 min. I then divided the dough, allowed the fat logs to rest for about 20 min after shaping them so that I can roll them out into the strands to braid, and then I ran into difficulty.

I should note that the recipe called for a bulk fermentation until the dough doubled, around 35 min but I didn’t want to risk overfermenting given the ambient temperature and humidity in the hot climate of Barbados.

I made a sponge as described as well. Here is the recipe:

  • Sponge (fermented for 20 min, showed good activity):
    • bread flour (11.4%, 95g)—the protein content is 11.2%
    • yeast (1.4%, 14g)-I had exactly 11g left so that is what I used
    • water (11.6%, 95g)
  • Final dough:
    • Bread flour (88.6%, 723g)
    • Water (11.6%, 95g)
    • Eggs (22.4%, 184g)
    • Egg yolks (5.7%, 43g)
    • Vegetable oil (9.2%, 78g)—I used soy since this is freely available in Barbados
    • Sugar (10%, 78g)
    • Honey (5.7%, 47g)
    • Salt (2.1%, 19g)
    • Sponge (24.3%, all of the above sponge)

I have no idea why it was so difficult to roll out and began tearing, is that a sign of overworked gluten? The resultant challah that came out had a nice crust and the the crumb was fine (is that how it should be?) and soft. Looking forward to any suggestions or advice.

George bakes in Barbados's picture
George bakes in...

Croissant detrempe troubleshooting

I’ve been a recent follower of the Fresh Loaf and I am in awe of all the experience, help and knowledge within this forum of fellow dough lovers. I am hoping you may be able to offer me some assistance in some issues I having with the detrempe of my croissant.

I am based in Barbados, a hot and humid tropical island which, despite the amazing rum and beaches, makes it difficult to really prepare many yeasted doughs. This is my fourth attempt at making croissants, first three were at room temperature (around 29C/84F) and would obviously have issues with butter leaking. Now, I was able to prepare my final attempt in an air conditioned environment in which the room temperature is 25C/77F. Fortunately, the AC is located directly above the working counter so the immediate temperature there is 20C/68F and had no issues with butter leaking.

Unfortunately, I have another issue that persists and that is the softness of the dough. Here is my recipe, adapted from Advanced Bread and Pastry:

  • Bread Flour (100%, 350g)—protein content was 11.2% from a regional brand of Baker’s Flour.
  • Milk (34%, 119g)
  • Sugar (18.5%, 64.75g)
  • Salt (2.9%, 10.15g)
  • Yeast (1.4%, 4.9g)
  • Malt (0.4%, 1.4g)—I didn’t use malt, instead used molasses since I love the flavour, although such a small quantity won’t make an impact.
  • Butter (5.7%, 19.95g)
  • Poolish (87.5%, 306.25g)—this would have fermented at RT for 13 hours and was perfectly active.

I decided not to go with the “hand mix” version since that would have been too much of a wet dough. The DDT on this 22-25C, and I achieved 22C. The dough was prepared to an “improved mix,” which showed an uneven window test, where the dough would only break in the corner—I figured this was perfect since I don’t want too much gluten development considering all the folding and laminating, just as txfarmer described in her wonderful blog post.

After that, I allowed to rest for 1 hour in the fridge. When I began to roll it out to encase the butter, I noticed that the dough was gassy and soft—I was really confused! I had a nice, somewhat elastic and firm dough that became so soft. When I would roll it, it didn’t really resist—it was quite soft. However, when I would life the dough, it would contract quite a bit which made it difficult to work with.

I managed to encase the butter and then folded and allowed to rest, but yet again, a very soft dough. Not the most pliable but same issue—would roll and when lifted, it would contract quite a bit. Noticed a few gas bubbles throughout.

I began to wonder if maybe the volume of yeast used in this climate was perhaps too much? Creating a very soft, gassy dough—tbh, I always assumed croissant dough should be pliable, somewhat form and hold shape Ike what I’ve seen online.

So here are my theories as to what would have gone wrong:

  • too much yeast for this hot and humid climate
  • maybe should have used a much lower DDT to prevent fermentation
  • improper gluten development (although, I am pretty sure I nailed the kneading of the dough—used a KitchenAid commercial mixer).

Really hoping you all may offer any advice. If I was to cut back on the yeast, how would that impact flavour? I figured the poolish may supplement that.

 

loaflove's picture
loaflove

underproofed?

here we go again sigh.  after a few good bakes i think this one is underproofed.  not sure what the heck i did wrong this time

Kristina K's picture
Kristina K

Overnight Country Blonde - Undercooked crumb

Hello, everyone! First-time baker here so, please, pardon my ignorance. :)

I wanted a good challenge and went straight for Ken's Forkish Overnight Country Blonde, which, as it turned out, was not a great option for a complete novice. I followed the recipe precisely with the only difference of reducing bulk fermentation time by an hour or so as the dough seemed ready by then (almost doubled in size), and I was too scared of over-fermenting it. My room temp is about 70F during the day and 68F at night.

The whole process was quite enjoyable and I didn't experience much difficulty working with the wet dough (mixing, applying folds, shaping, transferring, etc). When placed in the dutch oven the boules were perfectly round, tight but airy and jiggly. 

As you can see, the bread has a pretty decent shape and nice big holes (or too big?) but it's quite moist inside. Otherwise, it smells and tastes amazing. I did let the bread rest for 2 hours before slicing it.

What could have gone wrong here? Considering the crust has the right color and crunch but the crumb is wet, am I right assuming my oven temp was too high? I had it set to 475F but I know some ovens run hot. Should I try and reduce the temp by 10-20 degrees after taking the lid off and increase the baking time by, let's say, 10-15 minutes?

Was it a fermentation issue? Over/Under proofing? Also, my starter is quite young - day 11, but fed every day, never refrigerated, and seemed pretty active. 

Any help would be greatly appreciated!! Thank you!

 

Benito's picture
Benito

Southern Living Carrot Cake

Southern carrot cake. I’ve never made a carrot cake before believe it not. I’ve never been a huge fan of them, I’ve always said they’re just fine. This recipe is from Southern Living Magazine and was intended to make carrot cake bars. I’ve adjusted the weights to make a 9” round cake instead. 

Ingredients (tall 9” round)


  • 2 cups all-purpose flour (1.5 cup)

  • 1 ½ tsp.s ground cardamom (1.125 tsp)

  • 1 tsp. baking soda (0.75 tsp)

  • ½ tsp. kosher salt (0.375 tsp)

  • 1 ½ cups granulated sugar (1.125 cups)

  • ¾ cup canola oil (½ + ⅛ cup)

  • 4 large eggs (3 eggs)

  • 2 tsp. vanilla extract, divided (1.5 tsp) Divided half for batter and half for icing

  • 2 cups grated carrots (from 2 large carrots) (1.5 cups)

  • ½ cup chopped toasted walnuts, plus more for garnish (0.375 cup)

  • 1 (8-oz.) can or 1 cup canned crushed pineapple, drained (about 1/2 cup drained) (0.375 cup)

  • Cooking spray

  • 1 (8-oz.) pkg. cream cheese, at room temperature (170 g)

  • ½ cup unsalted butter, at room temperature (0.375 cup)

  • 2 cups powdered sugar (1.5 cups)

  • Toasted coconut chips

 

Directions


Step 1 Preheat oven to 350°F. Stir together flour, cardamom, baking soda, and salt in a medium bowl. Whisk together sugar, oil, eggs, and 1 (0.75) teaspoon of the vanilla in a large bowl until smooth. Whisk flour mixture into sugar mixture until well combined and smooth. Fold in carrots, walnuts, and crushed pineapple until combined. Grease a 13-x 9-inch baking pan with cooking spray, and pour batter into prepared pan.

Step 2 Bake in preheated oven until a wooden pick inserted in center comes out clean and top is deep golden brown, about 40 minutes. Let cake cool completely in pan on a wire rack, about 1 hour.

Step 3 Beat cream cheese and butter in a large bowl with an electric mixer on medium-high speed until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes. Add remaining 1 teaspoon vanilla, and beat on low speed until combined, about 30 seconds. Gradually add powdered sugar, beating on low speed until mixture is smooth, about 1 minute. Increase speed to medium, and beat until light and fluffy, about 1 minute. (Beat butter and sugar first, then add cream cheese and vanilla and beat further)

 

Step 4 Evenly spread frosting on top of cooled cake. Garnish with toasted coconut chips and additional chopped toasted walnuts. Cut into 12 bars.

 

This is quite good, my partner really loved it as did my neighbors.  I’m OK with it, but I think that is because I’m just not huge on carrot cake.  I’d probably add a few more spices the next time and add orange or lemon to the frosting. 

 

barryvabeach's picture
barryvabeach

Wheat Berries from All Bulk Foods

Just wanted to give a shout out to Allbulkfoods.   I ordered 50 pounds of Prairie Gold for about $38, and with shipping ,  it was only $60,    and the best part is I put in my order on Monday night, and it arrived on Wednesday, which is pretty quick. 

JPhillips's picture
JPhillips

Recipe for Nancy Silverton's "Country White" from La Brea Breads.

Does anyone have the recipe for Nancy Silverton's "Country White" sourdough from Breads of La Brea Bakery? My copy is sitting in a storage locker, and all I have are my notes but not the recipe and timeline. 

 

Thanks for the help!

alcophile's picture
alcophile

Confused about The Rye Baker Sour Culture Maintenance

I’m reading through Stanley Ginsberg’s The Rye Baker and I have a question about the Sour Culture Maintenance Refresh instructions:

  • 70 g Rye flour
  • 70 g Warm water
  • 7 g Rye sour culture
  • Mix the ingredients, cover, and ferment at room temperature overnight. Store refrigerated.

The rye sour culture that is built over seven days weighs about 210 g. For the refresh, does that mean to discard all but 7 g of the rye sour culture? That seems very wasteful.

Or are these instructions meant for building a sponge to be used in a recipe?

I have not baked with sourdough for many, many years, so I’m trying to learn about current practices. I’m also mainly interested in using the sour for rye breads, not for all my bakes.

Thanks!

JonJ's picture
JonJ

Bassinage and salt insight

So, there was this thing that Don said the other day in a TFL blog post that really got me thinking. Think it was a quote from Jennifer Lathams about tweaks to the Tartine bakery method, and the thing that was said was "[...] longer includes the leaven in the autolyse and salt is not added until enough water has been incorporated to make a very extensible dough."

I think I've been doing bassinage wrong! I usually try it after the salt is already in the dough.

This weekend's loaf came out surprisingly well when I left the salt out until the end. After a one hour autolyse I incorporated levain with the machine mixer (only about 3 minutes, the last two minutes on speed 2 of the Kenwood), and the mixer bowl was staying clean after the mix and could feel the dough was already nice and taut and felt like it had some strength. Then by hand I spent ten minutes adding the additional bassinage water 10g at a time by means of what I would describe as 'circular' stretch and folds turning the bowl as I did it. And then, using the same method by hand another 3 minutes to incorporate the salt. And it worked so well. Sometimes you can tell the dough is going to bake well, and it stretched out beautifully when I laminated the olives in.

The loaf is a little darker than I wanted (probably from the 1% baker's malt) but the eating was great - sometimes the stars align and I get that great crust and soft crumb and this was one of those days! It does feel like the stars are aligning more frequently recently, but it might just be my mixer! Unless I've actually stumbled upon something that can be repeated with the mix by machine, bassinage by hand and add salt after method. Will only know next time I bake, but the old hands here are probably getting ready to tell me of even better ways to do the bassinage.

Loaf with cross scoring

 

The scoring was a simple cross, I didn't want to jinx things and get a flat loaf as I did let the aliquot jar show an 80% increase (shaping at 50%) and was afraid it would flatten in the oven, but oven spring was good too.

Olive bread crumb

Sliced, ready for sandwiches

Pages